- Rails Migration Cheat Sheet
- Rails Migration Cheat Sheet Download
- Rails Migration Cheat Sheet 2020
- Rails Migration Cheat Sheet Printable
Rails Migration Cheat Sheet
$ rails generate migration migrationdescription: the easiest way to make a change in the database schema in Rails is to generate the migration. NEVER do a change directly on your database. $ rails db:migrate:reset: This will drop the database information and runs migration on a fresh one. $rails db:seed: Loads the data from the file: db/seeds.rb into the database. It’s a very useful way of populating a database with the initial data needed for a Rails. Hosamshahin / Rails: Migration cheat sheet forked from amxn/railsmigrationcheatsheet.md. Last active Jul 26, 2016. Star 0 Fork 0; Code Revisions 22. There is an Authentication Cheat Sheet. Insecure Direct Object Reference or Forceful Browsing By default, Ruby on Rails apps use a RESTful URI structure. That means that paths are often intuitive and guessable. Cheat: Very useful to view cheat sheet of like following things. Associationmethods asunit authorizenet autotest averylongnamethatwecanfind awk. Installation: gem install cheat. How to use: cmd prompt cheat sheets. It gives lot of outputs. You are able to view all those cheat sheets from command prompt. C: cheat migrations migrations. Automatically make migrations $ rails generate migration RemovePartNumberFromProducts partnumber:string $ rails generate migration removepartnumberfromproducts partnumber # rails assumes string if not type given - and you can use snakecase $ rails generate migration AddNameToWidgets name:string $ rails g migration addnametowidgets name:string # you can use.
- Name
- Austin Miller
- @armiiller
We’ve been doing some Ruby on Rails development lately, in preparation for PagerTree 4, and we wanted to put together a Ruby on Rails Cheat sheet. This is a quick reference guide to common ruby on rails commands and usage.
Table of Contents:
- Ruby Syntax
- Rails Framework
- Useful Things
Ruby Syntax
Hashes
Hashes were one of the most confusing things to me when first starting ruby (not because they are a new concept, but because I found the syntax very hard to read). In newer versions, syntax is very similar to JSON notification. Just know there are two versions of syntax, an older and newer one.
Also, you can have symbols as keys for hashes, and they do not lookup the same values as strings.
Safe Navigation Operator
Instead of checking for nil or undefined values, you can use the safe navigation operator. There’s a nice article here that goes into more depth of explanation.
ERB
Evaluation and Output
Evaluation can be done with the <% %> syntax and output can be achieved with the <%= %> syntax.
Partials
You can render partials like so:
Rails commands
Common rails commands. (Note: “rails g” stands for “rails generate”)
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
rails g model user name:string age:integer account:references | Generates model and migration files |
rails g scaffold user name:string age:integer account:references | Generates controller, model, migration, view, and test files. Also modifies config/routes.rb |
rails g scaffold_controller user | Generates controller and view files. Useful if you already have the model |
Rake Commands
Common rake commands for database management and finding routes.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
rake routes | View all routes in application (pair with grep command for some nifty searching) |
rake db:seed | Seed the database using the db/seeds.rb |
rake db:migrate | Run any pending migrations |
rake db:rollback | Rollback a database migration (add STEP=2 to remove multiple migrations) |
rake db:drop db:create db:migrate | Destroy the database, re-created it, and run migrations (useful for development) |
Rails Framework
Migration Data Types
Migration data types. Here is the source and a stack overflow question I commonly reference.
- :boolean
- :date
- :datetime
- :decimal
- :float
- :integer
- :primary_key
- :references
- :string
- :text
- :time
- :timestamp
Controller Filters
Filters are methods that are run “before”, “after” or “around” a controller action. See full action controller filters documentation for details.
Before filters are registered via the before_action and can halt the request cycle.
Models Callbacks
Gusto has a really nice article one best practices for model callbacks.
This table references the ruby on rails documentation for active record callbacks. Check out the full documentation for other special callbacks like after_touch.
| New Record | Updating Record | Destroying Record |
|---|---|---|
| save | save | destroy |
| save! | save! | destroy! |
| create | update_attribute | |
| create! | update | |
| update! | ||
| before_validation | before_validation | |
| after_validation | after_validation | |
| before_save | before_save | |
| around_save | around_save | |
| before_create | before_update | before_destroy |
| around_create | around_update | around_destroy |
| after_create | after_update | after_destroy |
| after_save | after_save | |
| after_commit / after_rollback | after_commit / after_rollback | after_commit / after_rollback |
Model Queries
A couple of basic (and most commonly used) queries are below. You can find the full documentation here.
| Command Example | Description |
|---|---|
Model.find(10) | Find model by id |
Model.find_by({ name: 'Austin' }) | Find models where conditions |
Model.where('name = ?', params[:name]) | Find models where condition |
Model.where.not('name = ?', params[:name]) | Find models where condition not true |
Model.first | Get the first model in the collection (ordered by primary key) |
Model.last | Get the lst model in the collection (ordered by primary key) |
Model.order(:created_at) | Order your results or query |
Model.select(:id, :name) | Select only specific fields |
Model.limit(10).offset(20) | Limit and offset (great for pagination) |
Fastest Check For Existence
Additionally, you are likely to want to check for an existence of a condition many times. There are many ways to do this, namely present?, any?, empty?, and exists? but the exists? method will be the fastest. This semaphore article explains nicely why exists? is the fastest method for checking if one of a query exists.
Application Configuration
Application configuration should be located in config/application.rb with specific environment configurations in config/environments/. Don’t put sensitive data in your configuration files, that’s what the secrets are for. You can access configurations in your application code with the following:
Application Secrets
Application secrets are just that, secret (think API keys). You can edit the secrets file using the following commands rails credentials:edit --environment=env_name. This will create files in the config/credentials/ folder. You’ll get two files:
environment.yml.enc- This is your secrets encrypted - This can be put this into gitenvironment.key- This contains the key that encrypts the file - DO NOT put this into git.
Additionally, when deploying, the key inside the environment.key file will need to be placed into the RAILS_MASTER_KEY environment variable. You can then access secrets in your rails code like so:
Useful Things
A short list of gems, frameworks and education materials that I have found useful in my Rails journey.
Gems
- Acts as Tenant - Easy multi-tenancy for rails database models.
- Administrate - Rails engine for flexible admin dashboard.
- Devise - Flexible authentication system.
- Devise Masquerade - Provides “Login As” another user functionality for Devise.
- Faker - Generate fake data like names, addresses, and phone numbers. Great for test data.
- Hash Id - Expose a hashid instead of primary id to your users.
- Local Time - Display friendly client side local time.
- Lockbox - Encryption for database fields (model attributes).
- Pagy - Gold standard pagination gem.
- Rack Attack - Rack middleware (before Rails) for blocking & throttling.
- Recaptcha - A rails Google Recaptcha plugin - You’ll want this one especially for public facing forms to stop bot crawlers.
- StimulusJS - A tiny framework for sprinkles of Javascript for your front end.
- Sequenced - Generate scoped ids (ex: per tenant ids for models, aka friendly id).
- Sidekiq - Redis backed background processing for jobs.
- Sidekiq Cron - A scheduler for Sidekiq (think running weekly email reports).
- Turbolinks - Makes web app feels faster (like single page application).
Frameworks
- Jumpstart Rails - A SaaS Framework already supporting login, payment (Stripe, Paypal, and Braintree) and multi-tenant setup.
- tailwindcss - A utility first CSS framework. Seems a little verbose at first, but you’ll really learn to love it. Just by reading the code, you’ll know exactly what the screen will look like.
Rails Migration Cheat Sheet Download
Education
- Go Rails - Ruby on Rails tutorials, guids, and screencasts.
Rails Migration Cheat Sheet 2020
Rails Migration Cheat Sheet Printable
I hope you find some value in this cheat sheet. There’s probably a lot I missed on here, so if you have something to add you can reach out to me on twitter and I will update the article with your suggestion.